21 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA ... Aspirin - salicylate toxicity ... #Acidosis #HAGMA ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Associated Lactic Acidosis ... (MALA) Pathophysiology ... also includes symptoms ... of metabolic acidosis ... LacticAcidosis #Toxicity
Colchicine Toxicity 
Naturally-occurring plant alkaloid [Autumn Crocus and Glory Lilly]
2-24 hrs 
 • Severe GI distress
Colchicine Toxicity ... Renal failure • Metabolic ... acidosis • ARDS ... #Colchicine #Toxicity ... #Toxicology #Symptoms
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
Complications of ... imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD ... #Complications
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity ... show anion-gap metabolic ... acidosis 4) Presentation ... ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Acidosis, Respiratory
 Acute Iron Poisoning

There are five classically described phases of toxicity:
Gastrointestinal phase (~6 hours post-ingestion)
 -
post-ingestion) - Symptom ... deterioration Shock and metabolic ... acidosis (12-48 ... - Anion gap metabolic ... acidosis with both
Stroke Mimics - Differential Diagnosis - MINT Mnemonic
 • Metabolic: Hyper-glycemia, Hypoglycemia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Mitochondrial Encephalopathy
MINT Mnemonic • Metabolic ... Encephalopathy with Lactic Acidosis ... • Toxins: Drug toxicity ... MINT #Mnemonic #neurology
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... free fatty acid metabolism ... Intermediate fatty acid metabolism ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... Monitor and Treat Complications
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
• Incr Glucose Metabolism ... Syndrome - Metabolic ... Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... differential #potassium #nephrology