112 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... salicylate toxicity causes ... #Anion #Gap #Metabolic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metabolism of Albumin and Causes of Hypoalbuminemia 

#Albumin #Hypoalbuminemia #Metabolism #Causes #pathophysiology
Metabolism of Albumin ... and Causes of Hypoalbuminemia ... Hypoalbuminemia #Metabolism ... #Causes #pathophysiology
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Anion Gap and Metabolic ... #Anions #Gap #Metabolic ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Differential #Causes
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... via anaerobic metabolism ... also includes symptoms ... of metabolic acidosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Respiratory or Metabolic ... Respiratory or Metabolic ... pH pCO2 ↓ ↓ Metabolic ... Acidosis ↑ ↑ Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Causes of Metabolic ... AnionGap #NonGap #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
Systemic (toxic/metabolic ... (Many causes!) ... * (most common cause ... disorders • Toxic/metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #neurology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Labs: Anion-Gap Metabolic ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD