23 results
Urine Electrolyte Interpretation - AKI, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia and Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis

#Urine #Electrolytes #Interpretation #ULytes #AKI #FENa
Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia ... and Non-Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis #Urine ... #FENa #FEUrea #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... acidosis • Succinylcholine ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Hypokalemia ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... acidosis - Cl ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... acidosis with pH ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis #EuDKA #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology