10 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
ABG And BMP Normal ... Diarrhea - Renal tubular ... of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... the indicated causes ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... cotransporter in distal tubule ... loss through the nephron ... #Pharmacology # ... nephrology #conversion
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... after renal tubule ... indicates a renal tubule ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... delivery to distal nephron ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Losses - Impaired tubular ... transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... filtration rate by tubulo-glomerular ... metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... Kidney stones caused ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
distal convoluted tubule ... with thiazide diuretic ... alkalosis • Normal ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology