56 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... Aspirin - salicylate toxicity ... causes lactic & ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Acidosis (MALA) Pathophysiology ... use in cellular metabolism ... also includes symptoms ... LacticAcidosis #Toxicity ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
Cyanide Toxicity ... Amyl nitrite - causes ... #Cyanide #Toxicity ... #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity ... no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... ingestion/exposure Symptoms ... Labs: Anion-Gap Metabolic
Alcohol Withdrawal Summary

Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Cause, Course, Management 

#Diagnosis #Management #Pathophysiology #Alcohol #Withdrawal #Symptoms
Withdrawal Summary Pathophysiology ... , Symptoms, Cause ... , Course, Management ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #Pathophysiology
 Acute Iron Poisoning

There are five classically described phases of toxicity:
Gastrointestinal phase (~6 hours post-ingestion)
 -
Abdominal pain, nausea ... post-ingestion) - Symptom ... deterioration Shock and metabolic ... - Anion gap metabolic ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Management
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... free fatty acid metabolism ... postpartum): • Initial symptoms ... = nonspecific (nausea ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... metabolic acidosis ... metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... endpoint of all-cause ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Dizziness and Vertigo Algorithm
Presyncope:
 • Feels "faint" or like they are going to "pass out"
 •
"pass out" • Symptoms ... spinning" • Symptoms ... Associated with nausea ... differential #diagnosis #neurology ... #management