37 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... with short bowel syndrome ... underexcretion of acids ... @jadav_md #Anion ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... potassium #low #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
3) Labs show anion-gap ... metabolic acidosis ... Metabolic Acidosis ... Aspirin #Toxicity #Toxicology ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Anion gap? ... Delta-delta: Anion ... 2 Corrected Anion ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... tubular acidosis Anion ... indicated causes of anion ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
 Acute Iron Poisoning

There are five classically described phases of toxicity:
Gastrointestinal phase (~6 hours post-ingestion)
 -
deterioration Shock and metabolic ... post-ingestion) - Anion ... gap metabolic acidosis ... multi-organ failure (ARDS ... Poisoning #Toxicity #Toxicology
Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Congenital Anomaly / Disorder:
 •
Arrhythmia • Neurologic ... Pulmonary Anomaly • Metabolic ... Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ... (SIDS): • Autopsy ... Prematurity #SIDS
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Pressure: - Metabolic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... extracellular anion ... increase may cause metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride