9 results
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure (CHF ... ) Iron deficiency ... ] Treatment Options ... pharmacology #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Iron Deficiency ... Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... #deficiency #CHF
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
• IGF-I Deficiency ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... decompensation (CHF ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency ... enzyme 21-OHase causes ... maintains appropriate ion ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... salmonella, ...), Parasites ... Cellular immune deficiency ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... Treatment: •
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... : • Vitamin C deficiency ... can lead to iron ... , or any other cause ... vasculitis Treatment
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... inflammation: CSF ... • Infectious causes ... • Nutritional Deficiency ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... or folic acid deficiency ... • Copper deficiency ... rings of excess iron ... factors (examples: G-CSF