20 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... RBCs in urine)? ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... hematuria • Signs ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Hyperuricemia • Acute ... Vomiting, decreased urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... clinical context and signs ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome ... : • RBC Casts - ... #nephrology #interpretation
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... ) • Gitelman syndrome ... calcium) alkali syndrome ... #nephrology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... syndrome • Triggers ... >100k, + lab signs ... rasburicase Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... #Tumor #Lysis #Syndrome
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... are seen in acute ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology