58 results
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
anemia (sometimes ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... • Thiamine B1 ... • Riboflavin B2 ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Anemia - Underproduction ... Iron deficiency anemia ... - Anemia of chronic ... chronic kidney disease ... - Vitamin B12
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Myelodysplasia #Anemia
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Low Serum B12 ... - Low Serum B12 ... • Pancreatic Disease ... • Rule out B12 ... • Liver Disease
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin B12 ... : SIBO, Celiac disease ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... pylori infection, B12 ... BrighamChiefs #Vitamin #B12
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... to IBD, celiac disease ... - CBC, PBS - anemia ... level (< 200 pg
Approach to Hypoproliferative Macrocytic Anemia

 • 812, Folate Deficiency
 • MDS+
 • Hypothyroid
 • Liver Disease
Hypoproliferative Macrocytic Anemia ... • 812, Folate ... Hypothyroid • Liver Disease ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... ACD, Aplastic anemia ... Folate deficiency, B12 ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Alcohol use, Liver disease