542 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... • Thiamine B1 ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... • Riboflavin B2 ... gestation • Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... Etiology: • Vit B12 ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... who don't take B12 ... level (< 200 pg
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
form of Vitamin B12 ... - Vitamin B12 ... converts vitamin B12 ... N2O can cause a syndrome ... The classic clinical
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP syndrome
Wellens' Syndrome on ECG

A 66-year-old man with hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents after an episode of severe
Wellens' Syndrome ... A 12-lead ECG is ... #Wellens #Syndrom ... Electrocardiogram #Clinical
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (B12 ... • Refeeding syndrome
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Low Serum B12 ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Rule out B12
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
level of 3590 pg ... hormone level was 48 pg ... #clinical #radiology