14 results
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
inhibitors in CVD ... in HFrEF on GDMT ... outcomes in HFrEF ... visualabstract #table ... #CVD #CKD
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
angiotensin-receptor blocker; CAD ... heart failure; HFpEF ... ejection fraction; HFrEF ... #CHF #Congestive ... Stages #ACCAHA #Algorithm
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic Causes ... decompensated CHF ... Pericarditis, CAD ... , HFrEF/HFpEF, Intracardiac ... Acute #Chronic #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... mortality and CV ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... always exclude: CKD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... #Causes
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
pulmonary disease or CHF ... Treat underlying cause ... pulmonary disease or CHF ... Treat underlying cause ... management #cardiology #algorithm
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... factors: Age>60, CKD ... , CHF, high rate ... elevated BNP, high CVP ... diagnosis #comparison #table
Non-ACS Myocardial Injury - Elevated Troponin Differential Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

 • Chronic Myocardial Injury: End
Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm ... Tachycardia-induced HF ... Occlusion • Stable ... CAD Dr. ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
functional status - Able ... metabolic equivalent able ... disease b) CHF ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Stable patients