58 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Ingestion Renal
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Extrarenal Losses, Renal ... Losses (High and Low ... #Differential #Algorithm
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Abnormal blood flow ... macula via the posterior ... narrowing • Slow ... blood flow allows ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... nephrotic syndrome • renal ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... - Renal insufficiency ... Hypoaldosteronism - Renal
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... protein-electrophoresis, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm
- GI Losses
- Redistribution
- 1° HPT
- 1° Renal PO4 wasting: Hereditary, TIO, Fanconi Syndrome,
Hypophosphatemia Diagnostic Algorithm ... - 1° HPT - 1° Renal ... Hypophosphatemia #phosphorus #low ... #diagnosis #Algorithm