746 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Fractional Excretion ... FENa Fractional Excretion ... < 1% suggests prerenal ... FENA #Fractional #Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Measurement of urine phosphate excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • GI loss
 • Redistribution
urine phosphate excretion ... deficiency • Primary Renal ... urinary #phosphate #excretion
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal ... , Renal, and Postrenal ... PRE-RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL ... Kidney #Injury #Prerenal
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
that urine sodium excretion ... and fractional excretion ... differentiate between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion vs Redistribution

Impaired Urinary Excretion 
 - Renal failure
 -
Diagnosis - Impaired Excretion ... Impaired Urinary Excretion ... - Renal failure
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
impaired potassium excretion ... with impaired renal ... by increasing excretion ... and underlying renal
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair Renal ... Potassium Excretion ... Impaired #Potassium #Renal
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
algorithm Decreased renal ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... failure • Chronic renal ... high: • Post-renal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
myopathies, Excess exertion ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal ... Prevent Prerenal
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
Primary - Under-excretion ... Secondary - Under-excretion ... Diabetic acidosis - Renal ... • Chronic renal