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Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... and/or proteinuria ... have glomerular hematuria
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Normal/low Proteinuria ... - ++++ Hematuria ... pressure - Raised Proteinuria ... - ++ Hematuria
Glomerular Diseases - Spectrum
 - Insidious vs Acute
 - Nephritic (hypertension, hematuria, renal failure) vs Nephrotic
(hypertension, hematuria ... Nephrotic (Heavy proteinuria
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC/WBC casts, proteinuria ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... Proteinuria often ... Massive proteinuria ... Classification #Proteinuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Framework Gross Hematuria ... change • Gross hematuria ... tract source • Hematuria ... Brown urine - Proteinuria
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Algorithm • Confirm hematuria ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... polyangiitis) - Hematuria ... nephrotic range) proteinuria
Renal involvement in 35% of mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis 
Associated with : 
 • Absence of skin
presentation • Hematuria ... - 97% • Mean proteinuria ... nephrotic range proteinuria
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Nephropathy
 • Cortical Manifestations
    - Main issue: Hemolysis-associated endothelial
alterations - Proteinuria ... Manifestations - Hematuria