16 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... clinical context and signs ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... Kidney Injury ( AKI ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... GN or vasculitis ... thrombosis • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal ... #nephrology #renal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Lung cancer • Renal ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... be a clue • Blood ... /dL -> Primary AI ... endocrinology #diagnosis
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... Renal parenchymal
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Pulmonary Renal ... pulmonary and renal ... : (AKI, proteinuria ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... reveals increasing blood
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
taken at home, work ... Medications - Renal ... • Renal parenchymal ... disease - CKD, AKI ... and bilateral renal
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
visits, Ambulatory blood ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... Nephritic syndrome • AKI ... • Bilateral RAS ... • Unilateral RAS
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... mucositis - Rash ... purpura: strong sign ... • Urinalysis (Renal
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Photosensitivity, Butterfly rash ... , Vasculitis, Purpura ... Abdominal pain (20%) Renal ... erythematosus #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis