1890 results
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Serum PO4 -> decr RBC ... Constipation - MSK ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
- Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... environment #Pathophysiology
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Thalassemia • RBC ... Disorder • RBC
Urinalysis Interpretation (UA)

Bacteria, Leukocyte esterase, WBC, Nitrite, RBC, Epithelial 
cells, pH

#Diagnosis #Urinalysis #Interpretation #Analysis
Leukocyte esterase, WBC ... , Nitrite, RBC,
The differential diagnosis for an elevated MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) includes:

Conditions with Abnormal RBCs:
 •
with Abnormal RBCs ... : • Abnormal RBC ... Xerocytosis • RBC
Blood Product Components, Contents, Volume and Shelf Life

Whole blood (autologous or directed donations) - RBC and
directed donations) - RBC ... WBC and platelets ... Hct of 70-80% - RBC ... plasma, a few RBC ... ofplasma, a few RBC
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
ischemia-induced RBC ... hemolysis) • RBC ... potassium #high #pathophysiology
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs