15 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Classification
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal Disease, Liver ... #Anemia #MCV #Classification ... #Causes #Hematology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
perfusion + ↑ renal ... Pathophysiology: ... sympathetic + ADH activation ... Exclude other AKI causes ... Classification:
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... cardiac, liver, renal ... history #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... Dysregulation and activation ... immune deposits on EM ... nephrology #diagnosis #renal
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
tissue site - Activation ... periumbilical region), nausea ... Intussusception - Renal ... nephritic syndrome, renal ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Inhibit B.adrenergic activation ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Inhibit B.adrenergic activation ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology