30 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Myocardial • Systolic ... Dysfunction • ... Diastolic Dysfunction ... Artery Disease • Stable
Diastolic Function Grading - Schematic diastolic filling patterns

I: impaired relaxation, II: moderate diastolic dysfunction (pseudonormal), III:
moderate diastolic dysfunction ... pulmonary artery systolic ... Diastolic #Diastology #Dysfunction ... #Grading #Classification ... Grades #Criteria #Table
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Pathogenesis

 • Genetic factors (Mutations in HLA- DR2/HLA-DR3 genes, complement genes, cytokine
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... (SLE): Pathogenesis ... defects (i.e. dysfunction ... Erythematosus #SLE ... #Pathophysiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Manifestations of Systemic ... Erythematosus (SLE ... Encephalopathy, Cognitive Dysfunction ... Disease, PRES Pathophysiology ... autoantibodies that will cause
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
conditions: Autoimmune (SLE ... -(rare), Valve dysfunction ... failure ++, Valve dysfunction ... Valve destruction/dysfunction ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
Causes, classification and compensatory responses to shock.

Shock can be caused by any pathological process that leads
Causes, classification ... Shock can be caused ... vasodilatation, myocardial dysfunction ... renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system ... #Types #Classification
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Left-Sided Heart Dysfunction ... : • Systolic ... #Causes
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... heart disease Systolic ... dysfunction Diastolic ... dysfunction ... #Differential #Causes
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Papillary Muscle Dysfunction ... Carcinoid #Systolic ... #causes
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... cushion defects), Systemic ... inflammation (SLE ... deterioration, Occluder dysfunction ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes