21 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... Acidosis #HAGMA #Differential ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Vesiculobullous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vesicles Fragile/EasiIy Ruptured - Intraepidermal blisters, possibly crusts/erosions
 - Inflammatory
Bullous systemic lupus ... erythematous - Metabolic ... tarda • Diabetic ... Vesiculobullous #SkinRash #dermatology ... #Differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Diabetic ... to diarrhea, a high ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Neuropathy • Metabolic ... Hypothyroidism • Medication-induced ... Vasculitis, Sjogren's, Lupus ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
HyperKalemia - Differential ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... glycosides • High ... blockers - MCW Nephrology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... Signal: Diabetic ... Patterns #Toxicology #Metabolic ... Disorders #Clinical #Differential ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... 0.8 Normal + High ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... infusions) - Metabolic ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... Medications 2. ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Sodium >145 mmol/L High ... Osmotic diuresis (see ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology