34 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
• Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Diuresis in Critical Care - Achieving a Negative Fluid Balance
Advantages Of A Negative Fluid Balance:
 •
TO PO • USE HIGH ... , address diuretic ... especially in high ... a contraction metabolic ... Early nephrologv
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... acidosis • Diabetic ... acidosis, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... resistance • Metabolic ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... during hypoxic metabolism ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... #Anion #Gap #Metabolic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High ... Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Renal losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Vesiculobullous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vesicles Fragile/EasiIy Ruptured - Intraepidermal blisters, possibly crusts/erosions
 - Inflammatory
Bullous systemic lupus ... erythematous - Metabolic ... tarda • Diabetic ... Vesiculobullous #SkinRash #dermatology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
0.8 Normal + High ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology