23 results
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Decreased renal potassium ... • Drugs • Diabetic ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Diabetic ketoacidosis ... to diarrhea, a high ... Urine chloride is high ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• Metabolic acidosis ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... #high #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... #high #nephrology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Manifestations of Systemic Lupus ... Erythematosus (SLE ... Induction Rx: high-dose ... Erythematosus #SLE ... #CNS #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Renal tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... algorithm #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
0.8 Normal + High ... 0.8-2.0 Pure High ... Diagnosis: Causes of High ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology