39 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... High or Normal ... Hypercalcemia Low ... Malignancy • Normal ... PTHrP: - Low
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Primary hyperapara ... → Primary hyperpara ... FeCa <1 %) - Low ... normal? ... • If all normal
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Hyponatremia Box A: • Normo ... Confusion Box C: Primary ... Polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
TSH, Low normal ... • Low TSH, normal ... Hyperthyroidism: Work-up ... T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... or High PTH: Primary ... or Low PTH: ... or Low FGF-23: ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup
Causes of Primary and Secondary Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Amenorrhea - No onset of menarche
Causes of Primary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Primary Amenorrhea ... • Ovarian - Normal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... pH Calculate Urinary ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... Acid-Base: Low ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... - Diarrhea pH Normal ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Differential #Algorithm ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Breast Discharge - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High Prolactin + Normal TSH
 • Microprolactinoma
 • Steroid Hormone Intake
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Prolactin + Normal ... High Prolactin + Normal ... / Low TSH • Pituitary ... + High TSH • Primary