18 results
Hydronephrosis Grading
Grade I - Pelviectasis 
Grade II - Caliectasis (Major Calyces)
Grade III - Caliectasis (Minor Calyces)
Grade
Calyces) Grade IV ... Grading #grades #nephrology ... #radiology #ultrasound ... #pocus #clinical ... #diagnosis
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... #Tuberculosis #diagnosis ... differential #TB #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... Antimicrobial treatment ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... #differential #diagnosis
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Infectious: Brain abscess ... toxins: Steroids, Statins ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Differential Diagnosis ... cord infarct • HIV ... Spinal infection/abscess ... axial T1 and T2 Treatment ... #causes #neurology
Causes of Antibiotic Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Diagnosis:
 • Non-Infectious: Malignant, Autoimmune, Drug-related (NMS, serotonin syndrome,
NMS, serotonin syndrome ... Immunocompromise Treatment ... MRSA/ESBL), Not taking ... Source control (abscess ... • Secondary to Treatment
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Diagnosis: MRI ... with relative sparing ... The clinical syndrome ... Treatment: • HAART ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Infection - Viral (HIV ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Bactrim, PCN G-K), K-sparing ... definitive guide to diagnosis ... #Hyperkalemia #Diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Assess volume status ... demyelination syndrome ... through a peripheral IV ... #nephrology #sodium