9 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Cough, Dyspnea, Fever ... Renal Syndromes ... #Renal #Syndrome ... #differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... glycol (present in IV ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Anxiety, pain, fever ... Classically” noted with pulmonary
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Responds briskly to IV ... Heart failure, liver
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
OTCs, herbals, abx ... - TTE/liver fxn? ... Cl/urea/protein/Cr ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Metabolic • Renal ... Failure • Liver ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... be treated with IV ... suggests extra-renal ... Hypokalemia #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #differential #
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... common • Imaging: CXR ... - pulmonary opacities ... initiation • Differential ... Anaphylaxis, Acute Renal
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Chronic Hypertension:
 • Guidelines as SBP ≥130 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg
 •
severe RUQ pain, renal ... insufficiency (Cr ... ), pulmonary edema ... patients • HELLP: Syndrome ... obstetrics #cardiology #differential
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Disease: • 10%-15% Pulmonary ... risk PE, Pulmonary ... vasculitis: 10%-16% Liver ... cirrhosis: 3%-20% Renal ... Distal (Type I) renal