3910 results
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
• Milk-alkali syndrome ... Granulomatous disease • Thiazide ... Causes #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Diuretics - summary table
Thiazides and Related Diuretics: HCTZ, Chlorthalidone, Metolazone, Indapamide, Bendroflumethiazide 
Loop Diuretics: Furosemide, Ethacrynic
summary table Thiazides ... pharmacology #table #thiazide
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
phenylbutazone, methyldopa, thiazide ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like ... #Dosing #Loop #Thiazide ... #CHF #Cardiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Absent: Loop and thiazide ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Chloride depletion syndromes ... Chloruretic drugs (eg, thiazides ... - Bartter syndrome ... - Gitelman syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
diuretics - Thiazides ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... Furosemide - Thiazide
Mechanisms of thiazide diuretic side effects

Dr. Muner Mohamed @MunerMohamed1

#thiazide #diuretic #pharmacology #pathophysiology #sideeffects #adverseeffects #nephrology
Mechanisms of thiazide ... MunerMohamed1 #thiazide
Outpatient Hypertension Management Algorithm
Monotherapy: 
 • Thiazide/thiazide-like 
 • ACE-I (non-black patients), 
 • ARB
Monotherapy: • Thiazide ... /thiazide-like ... Acute Coronary Syndrome
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Loop and thiazide ... renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome