16 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
mL/minute/1.73 m2 ... disease Common Side Effects ... and Toxicities: ... • GI side effects ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
Sulfonylureas - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Binds to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel in pancreatic beta cells,
CKD Common Side Effects ... and Toxicities: ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
pancreatitis Common Side Effects ... and Toxicities: ... • Gl side effects ... definitively cause/effect ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
failure Common Side Effects ... and Toxicities: ... definitively cause/effect ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
mL/minute/1.73 m2 ... ) Common Side Effects ... and Toxicities: ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
Hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T4/T3) - Diagnostic Algorithm

Radioactive iodine scan – get if concern for nodular
) - Diagnostic Algorithm ... because pregnancy affects ... diagnostic workup ... Hyperthyroid #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #Endocrinology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
They work primarily ... to the incretin effect ... Common side effects ... upset (since it works ... Dosing #Diabetes #DM2
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypercalcemia-PTH effect ... ab • Genetics defects ... -1beta, cyclin M2 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , Other enzyme defects ... Unstable hemoglobin defects ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup #hematology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
These work by inhibiting ... drugs include side effects ... Side effects include ... #Medications #DM2