12 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... IgM) • Blood smear ... younger pts) Differential ... #disease #hemolytic
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... Differential Diagnosis ... hemoglobinuria) • Cold Agglutinin ... Disease Mixed-type
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Agglutination - Cold agglutinins ... #Anemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... - Differential ... Peripheral blood smear ... malignancy, autoimmune disease ... #Anemia #Differential
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... . primary cold agglutin ... e.g. sickle cell disease ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #hematology #anemia
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... , Drugs, Liver Disease ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Peripheral Blood Smear ... #Differential #
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
hallmark for the disease ... Peripheral blood smear ... anemia Indirect ... WBC count and differential ... ThromboticThrombocytopenicPurpura #Diagnosis #Workup
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Peripheral Smear ... hematology for workup ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... , deficiency anemia ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup
History:
 - Prior platelet count, family
Platelet Disorders - Differential ... Diagnosis and Workup ... peripheral blood smear ... PT, aPTT(liver disease ... changes), high MCV anemia
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Peripheral Smear ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... Workup: • Complete ... blood count with differential