11 results
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Fractional excretion of Cl ... > 0.5% Clinical ... disease Renal Imaging ... Genetic Testing ... #Workup #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and Disease ... casts are seen in acute ... broad - Advanced kidney ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Tuberculosis Testing

LATENT TB
• LTBI is diagnosed when an asymptomatic patient has a positive TST or IGRA
result with no clinical ... intermediate risk of disease ... ACTIVE TB AFB smear ... microscopyTesting ... #Diagnosis #Workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... investigations depending on clinical ... #nephrology #causes
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Orange or Hep C Clinical ... • Peripheral smear ... cells can indicate disease ... ’s lymphoma or acute ... #workup #oncology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... - Urinalysis/microscopy ... - Pre-renal disease ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... polarized light microscopy ... Screening Tests for Acute ... ANA and RF (if clinical ... #diagnosis #testing
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Peripheral Smear ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... Workup: • Complete ... Myelodysplastic #Syndromes #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Shock, Autoimmune disease ... Neurological symptoms: Acute ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... thrombosis Testing ... #management #neurology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
advanced liver disease ... hepatitis, or acute ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... evaluation essential in all ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology