502 results
Split, Fractured Patella on Knee Exam

30 years old male, 10 years post motorbike accident.  Split,
with tears of ACL ... , PCL , PLC
Autoantibodies in Rheumatology
 • Lupus (SLE): ANA (anti-nuclear antibody), dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), Anti-Smith, Anti-Ro (SSA) and
, others (RNP, aPL ... Anti-cardiolipin (aCl ... Anti-centromere, Scl ... #associations #table
Lelli's Test (Lever Sign) for ACL Injury

A fist is placed under the proximal 3rd of the
Lever Sign) for ACL ... rises from the table ... rise from the table ... #Lever #Sign #ACL ... #Injury #acl #anterior
Crystalloid Fluids - Contents Comparison Table
Normal plasma
0.9% saline (a.k.a. "normal saline" or NS)
0.45% saline (a.k.a. 1/2
Fluids - Contents Comparison ... Table Normal plasma ... 2 4NS + 20 meq KCL ... IVF #Contents #Comparison ... #Table #pharmacology
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl ... #pharmacology #comparison ... #table
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... cotransporter, K channel, Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... Thiazide-sensitive Na—Cl ... #Differential #Table
IV Fluids - Comparison Table
Fluid - pH - Osm - Na - Cl - Other
 •
IV Fluids - Comparison ... Table Fluid - ... pH - Osm - Na - Cl ... #Fluids #IVF #Comparison ... #Table #pharmacology
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient ... and a chronic ACL ... alignment and an ACL ... PivotShift #test #ACL
Knee Examination
Right Knee - Examination maneuvers include the Lachman (ACL), anterior drawer (ACL), Lateral pivot shift,
include the Lachman (ACL ... anterior drawer (ACL
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al ... aldosteronism • High Al ... Hyperplasia • Normal Al ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl