19 results
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
- Differential Diagnosis ... Chronic: - ... : Diabetic retinopathy ... Occlusion, Central ... #causes #ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Retinopathy: Pathogenesis ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Hypertensive #Retinopathy ... ophthalmology #diagnosis
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Kidney stones caused ... Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... • Central retinal ... poisoning • Central ... ophthalmology #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... diarrhea, Kidney tubular ... #Algorithm #causes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... Polydipsia • Central ... Partial Dl • Chronic ... Renal Failure ... #Algorithm #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
GI losses - Chronic ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... tubular dysfunction ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... Insipidus): • Central ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... (carbonic anhydrase ... tubular acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... LOSS: - Diuresis ... gas transport, renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis