16 results
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... • Central retinal ... poisoning • Central ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypertensive Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Papilledema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots
Hypertensive Retinopathy ... on Fundoscopy Ocular ... and cotton-wool spots ... #cottonwool #Retina ... #Ocular #PhysicalExam
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... receptor Distal renal ... tubular acidosis ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

General 
 - Malaise 
 - Clubbing 

Cardiac 
 - Murmurs
Endocarditis General ... Eyes - Roth spots ... Mycotic aneurysm Renal ... Signs #Features #PhysicalExam ... #Diagnosis
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
General approach ... and intrinsic renal ... performance for diagnosing ... acute tubular interstitial ... AcuteKidneyInjury #Nephrology
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
- Differential Diagnosis ... Trauma: • Ocular ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Insipidus): • Central ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... of hypokalemia starts ... tubular acidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... - Differential Diagnosis ... D D-lactate (short ... tubular acidosis ... #Summary #Nephrology