16 results
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... tubular acidosis ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Blurry Vision - Differential ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... degeneration • Diabetic ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... activities • Diuretic ... release • ↓ Cl ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... of hypokalemia starts ... tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... seen in acute tubular ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Urinary #Casts #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
(treatment of diabetic ... tubular acidosis ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Facial Swelling - Differential Diagnosis Framework for Facial Edema

Infectious:
	• Dental abscess
	• Ludwig's angina
	• Vincent's angina
	• Cellulitis
	•
Facial Swelling - Differential ... Trauma: • Ocular ... Subcutaneous emphysema Renal ... Swelling #Edema #Differential ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
(AG) = {Na - (Cl ... bowel syndrome, ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... tubular acidosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology