19 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... of hypokalemia starts ... tubular acidosis ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Blurry Vision - Differential ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... degeneration • Diabetic ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... ophthalmology #causes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... tubular acidosis ... ATPase Nephrogenic diabetes ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
associated with short ... bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Uncontrolled diabetes ... tubular dysfunction ... Dr. ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Classification #Causes
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... seen in acute tubular ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... polarized light) Dr ... #Differential #
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... Nephrogenic DI (Renal ... bladder") - Dr ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... tubular acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
, Gitelman syndrome ... metabolic acidosis • Diabetic ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... inhibitors, hepatorenal syndrome ... , Lupus Acute Tubular ... Infection - Dr ... #Diagnosis #nephrology