16 results
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... edema (most common ... direction leads to hypoxemia ... hepatopulmonary syndrome ... #Failure #hypoxia
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Pulmonary
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... Superior vena cava syndrome ... edema • Atelectasis ... Pleura: • Pleural effusion ... #Causes
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura in severe cases ... Edema: - Widespread ... severity Acute Respiratory ... Distress Syndrome ... A-Lines - Deep Vein
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Edema, Atelectasis ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia ... edema can be caused ... and systemic veins ... #edema #causes
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Causes include: ... • Flat neck veins ... Etiology: • Acute respiratory ... distress syndrome ... pulmonary edema
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , defecation) Respiratory ... : • Pulmonary ... Embolism • Hypoxia ... #causes
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Distress Syndrome ... consistent with pulmonary ... edema must be present ... explained by pleural effusions ... severity of the hypoxemia
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... Distress Syndrome ... leading to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... edema must be present