12 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... / IBD Renal Loses ... - Gitelman ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
, vomiting and diarrhea ... Disease: Jaundice + renal ... disease ARDS Diagnosis ... agglutination - test ... #treatment #management
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Clinical features - Classic triad (flank pain, hematuria,
(RCC) - Diagnosis ... and Management ... Budd Chiari syndrome ... disease Imaging and Treatment ... #Management #Summary
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
• Nephritic syndrome ... • Often severe renal ... • No serologic tests ... available • Renal ... deposits common TREATMENT
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Syndromes - OnePager ... mononeuritis multiplex WORKUP ... anti-GBM) Other tests ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Initial screening test ... severe disease & renal ... severe disease Treatment ... #SLE #Summary #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #management
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... Villous adenoma Renal ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #differential #diagnosis
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
pancreas, biliary, renal ... with response to treatment ... specific laboratory tests ... #management #phenotypes ... #workup #treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... #Management #Treatment