NephSim (www.nephsim.com) @Neph_Sim
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nephsim.com is a free educational tool that uses interactive cases, media, and infographics to teach nephrology topics including glomerular diseases, acid/base disorders, kidney transplant, electrolyte abnormalities, dialysis, & more! https://twitter.com/Neph_Sim
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How-to Calculate the Filtration Fraction (FF) in CKRT
 • The FF is the ratio of fluid
Filtration Fraction (FF ... in CKRT • The FF ... • The target FF ... NOT affect the FF ... CKRT #nephrology #renal
How-to Calculate the Filtration Fraction (FF) in CKRT
FF = Fluid removed from the filter / Fluid
Filtration Fraction (FF ... ) in CKRT FF = Fluid ... filter - The FF ... - The target FF ... NOT affect the FF
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... mostly ATN and pre-renal
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic for Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
G - Glycols
O - Oxoproline
L - L-Lactate
D - D-Lactate
M
- Aspirin R - Renal
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Epithelial Cells - Renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Patients with Cancer 

Cancer Related 
• Hypercalcemia 
• Intravenous contrast 
•
gammopathy of renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
nephrology #diagnosis #renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal