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Mechanical Bowel Obstruction and Ileus - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Ileus: Functional bowel "blockage", no peristalsis
Mechanical Obstruction:
Mechanical Bowel Obstruction ... either acute or chronic ... Flat/low JVP, resting ... percussion • Nausea ... ) #bowel #obstruction
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... obstructive pulmonary ... restrictive and obstructive ... Others: tumoral obstruction ... #Differential #Causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... #workup #diagnosis
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... mass with obstruction ... Psychogenic - Eating ... intestinal pseudo-obstruction ... #Constipation #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
secretion; in chronic ... as a result of chronic ... Insufficiency #Evaluation ... laboratory #diagnosis #testing ... endocrinology #workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... sickle cell anemia, obstructive ... sickle cell anemia, obstructive ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes