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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Nephron and their Functions ... organic acids and bases ... Nephron #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology ... #Tubules #Table
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... End-stage renal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... #Hyperkalemia #Differential ... High #Potassium #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Anabolic state ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification