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Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
disease: Most common ... endocarditis/tumors: Most common ... calcification: Age-related changes ... Direct/indirect chest ... hypertrophic CMP (MR commonly
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease - Most common ... chordae Severe mitral ... - Age-related changes ... radiation #mitral
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... in cough) • Abnormal ... lymadenopathy, clubbing, chest ... exam, etc) • Abnormal ... #causes
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
disease, pleuritic chest ... may show this pattern ... hyperventilation syndrome—a common ... #Breathing #Patterns ... Abnormalities #Abnormal
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
the digits and changes ... from hypoxia, changes ... Systemic causes ... Spots in the pattern ... Nail #Diseases #Abnormal
Assessment of the Child with Eczema
Distribution of atopic eczema - The distribution of eczema tends to
eczema tends to change ... Causes of exacerbation ... - Viral infection ... , humidity - Change ... - Is growth normal
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... with positional change ... Sometimes history of viral ... without an obvious cause ... symptoms most common
Common Dermatological Conditions - Distribution and Morphology
 • Acne vulgaris - Face, upper back, chest -
Common Dermatological ... Face, upper back, chest ... honey-colored crusts ... Christmas tree pattern ... diagnosis #skin #common
Newborn Infant - Routine Examination

Birthweight, gestational age and birthweight percentile are noted.
General observation Of the baby's
If abnormal, this ... syndrome is the most common ... Breathing and chest ... the heart, the normal ... intra-abdominal masses