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Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Acute and chronic ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... ) Causes of Non-anion ... Chronic progressive ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Evaluation of Chronic ... Causes of acute ... 1000 g/24 h) #Chronic ... #workup #diagnosis
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... protein receptor type ... activin A receptor type ... Hypertension #PHTN #Classification ... #Differential #Causes
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Generalized seizures can ... When tonic—clonic ... general seizure caused ... and metabolic causes ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Kidney stones caused ... by Ca2+ crystals ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... Heart Association class ... #Medications #Table
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
aldosterone - Low in cases ... secretion; in chronic ... as a result of chronic ... test - This test can ... endocrinology #workup
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes