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Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Epilepsy Seizure Types - Generalized vs Focal

Generalized Seizures
 - Absence seizures 
 - Myoclonic seizures
Seizures #Types #Classification ... #Neurology #Differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of ... Diabetes #Insipidus #Classification ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
varying neurologic signs ... Vertigo #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology