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Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
in some cases, T3 ... or high; normal ... or increased radioactive ... or high; normal ... normal; T3 low;
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... Renal Losses (High ... and Low Blood Pressure ... #Differential #Algorithm
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
or slow. ... Slow Breathing ( ... depression, and increased ... narrowed airways increase ... Abnormalities #Abnormal
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... urine volume, Increased ... and intestine, Low ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Causes of acute ... quantitative fat Increased ... Factitious diarrhea Increased ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
that transient increases ... stronger than normal ... and overcome the normal ... Incontinence #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Differentiating Features Between Central and Peripheral Cyanosis

Mechanism - Arterial destauration
Sites - Skin, mucous membrane of oral
therapy - Pulmonary cause ... blood gas - pO2 low ... Mechanism - Increased ... blood gas - pO2 normal
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
protease activity - A low ... If the value is low ... Mild-to-moderate decrease ... in most cases; ... Haptoglobin - Low