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Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
in some cases, T3 ... or high; normal ... or increased radioactive ... or high; normal ... normal; T3 low;
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... or slow. ... depression, and increased ... narrowed airways increase ... Patterns #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... Renal Losses (High ... and Low Blood Pressure ... #Differential #Algorithm
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... urine volume, Increased ... and intestine, Low ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Algorithm for the ... Causes of acute ... quantitative fat Increased ... Factitious diarrhea Increased ... Diarrhea #management #algorithm
Types of Urinary Incontinence
 - Stress Incontinence - The urethral sphincter is weakened so that transient
that transient increases ... stronger than normal ... and overcome the normal ... Incontinence #Types #Classification ... #Causes #diagnosis
Differentiating Features Between Central and Peripheral Cyanosis

Mechanism - Arterial destauration
Sites - Skin, mucous membrane of oral
therapy - Pulmonary cause ... blood gas - pO2 low ... Mechanism - Increased ... blood gas - pO2 normal
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
protease activity - A low ... If the value is low ... Mild-to-moderate decrease ... in most cases; ... Haptoglobin - Low