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Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
in some cases, T3 ... ; normal or increased ... multiple areas of increased ... ; normal or increased ... ; increased; decreased
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... depression, and increased ... may show this pattern ... narrowed airways increase ... #Breathing #Patterns
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
- Differential Algorithm ... Categorized by Causes ... Renal Losses (High ... and Low Blood Pressure ... #Differential #Algorithm
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... transplant - SLE High ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low ... urine volume, Increased ... and intestine, Low ... Mycoplasma infections, High ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
The angle increases ... blood flow to the ... Local causes include ... Systemic causes ... Spots in the pattern
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... customary headache patterns ... dark environment Increased ... brain or skull abnormalities
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... flow and distal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... Differential #Diagnosis #High ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes