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diagnosis causes algorithm classification neurology central hyponatremia peripheral signs table acidosis aniongap comparison diabetes diuresis diuretics dizziness emergency excretion failure
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO 1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Méniére's disease ... course of the disease ... Disease onset usually ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo Peripheral Vertigo: • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
No auditory symptoms ... test Méniére's disease ... Long symptom-free ... #Algorithm #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia Drugs - Amiloride - Spironolactone - Triamterene - Trimethoprim - Pentamidine -
Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia ... - Sickle cell disease ... Diabetes mellitus - Acute ... Beta-Blockers #Hyperkalemia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus: - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
granulomatous diseases ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo PERIPHERAL VERTIGO • Onset: Sudden • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central Vertigo ... PERIPHERAL VERTIGO ... tinnitus (Méniére's disease ... findings #signs #symptoms ... #comparison #neurology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status Hypervolemic hypernatremia - CHF
Classification, Differential ... syndrome - Acute ... chronic kidney disease ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Classification #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal failure (acute ... Hypokalemia ... progressive kidney disease ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal PRE-RENAL Impaired perfusion: •
Causes of Acute ... • Inflammatory disease ... #Diagnosis #Acute ... Postrenal #Failure #Differential ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia l. Pseudohyperkalemia A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemic periodic ... uropathy, post-acute ... Acute oliguric kidney ... #Differential #
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