Khaja farazuddin @sohailfaraz143 on GrepMed

Thrombotic Microangiopathy - TTP VS HUS Big picture points : Often hard to differentiate the two entities, but has this distinction has HUGE treatment implications : TTP has high rates of morbidity and mortality, and first-line treatment is plasma exchange. When in doubt, start plasma exchange while awaiting confirmatory testing for TTP #Thrombotic #Microangiopathy #thrombocytopenic #purpura #TTP #HemolyticUremicSyndrome #HUS #thrombocytopenia #Comparison #Diagnosis #Table #Hematology

Differential Diagnosis: Cyanosis - Mnemonic "COLD PALMS" Peripheral cyanosis • Cold • Obstruction • LVF and shock • Decreased cardiac output Central cyanosis • Polycythemia • Altitude • Lung disease • Met - sulfhemoglobinemia • Shunt #Mnemonic #Cyanosis #COLDPALMS #Diagnosis

Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (FEPO4) FEPO4 < 5%: • GI Losses: Inadequate intake, Malabsorption, Chronic diarrhea, Poor absorption (Antacids, Phosphorus binders, Niacin, Vitamin D deficiency) • Transcellular Shift: Refeeding, Glycolysis stimulation, TPN, Insulin/Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome, Tumor genesis syndrome FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal Losses: • Normal or High PTH: Primary or Tertiary hyperparathyroidism, Vitamin D deficiency/resistance, Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Estrogen based Rx • Normal or Low PTH: - High FGF-23: Oncogenic osteomalacia, Ferric carboxymaltose, ADHR, XLHR - Normal or Low FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome, CA Inh., Osmotic diuresis Dr. Aisha Shaikh @aishaikh #Hypophosphatemia #Differential #Diagnosis #Framework #Workup #phosphate #nephrology

Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism • High Phosphate, Low PTH - Hypoparathyroidism: Autoimmune, Genetic, Post-surgical, Post-radiation, Infiltrative disorders, HIV • High Phosphate, High PTH - Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Vitamin D resistance, Vitamin D deficiency, CKD • Low Phosphate - Vitamin D deficiency • Drugs: Calcium Chelators, Lactate, Citrate, EDTA, Bisphosphonates, Denosumab, Cinacalcet, Cisplatin, Fluorouracil/Leucovorin, Phenytoin, Foscarnet, Fluoride poisoning • Extravascular deposition: Hyperphosphatemia, Acute Pancreatitis, Sepsis, Osteoblastic metastases, Hungry bone syndrome Dr. Aisha Shaikh @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia #Workup #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology #calcium

Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia #Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis ** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets - https://amzn.to/2Z74DhY

Differential Diagnosis - Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) IMADE mnemonic: • Infection • Malignancy • Autoimmune (Rheumatologic) • Drug-induced • Everything else Dr. Uday Gulati @udaygulati #FUO #Fever #UnknownOrigin #Differential #Diagnosis #diagnosis #IMADE #mnemonic

Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Pathophysiology #Polycythemia #Erythrocytosis #Pathophysiology #hematology #algorithm #differential #diagnosis

Map of proliferative blood disorders. By Ariella Coler-Reilly @ariellastudies #Algorithm #classification #proliferative #blood #disorders #leukemia #hematology #oncology #diagnosis #CML #CLL #AML #Map

Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased production: • Bone marrow suppression • Bone marrow failure • Bone marrow infiltration • Infection • Nutritional Increased destruction/consumption: • Connective tissue disorders • Immune destruction • Consumption • Destruction Matthew Ho, MD PhD @MatthewHoMD #Thrombocytopenia #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology #platelets

Pulmonary Hypertension Groups - WHO Classification Group I - Vascular remodeling of pulmonary arteries • Idiopathic, HIV, connective tissue disorders Group II - Left-sided heart disease causing back up of blood flow • Left heart failure, aortic valve disease, mitral valve disease Group III - Chronic lung disease causing hypoxemia • COPD, ILD, sleep apnea Group IV - CTEPH • Pulmonary Embolism Group V - Unclear and multifactorial • Sarcoidosis, chronic hemolytic anemia, thyroid disorders, sickle cell anemia, splenectomy, mediastinal tumors, chronic renal failure on hemodialysis WHO PH Functional Classification I - No limitation of usual physical activity II - No issues at rest, but normal activity worsens dyspnea, fatigue, or chest pain. III - No issues at rest, but normal activity is markedly limited by dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain, or pre-syncope. IV - Unable to perform activity at rest. Symptoms of right ventricular failure might be present at rest. - Dr. Rishi Kumar @rishikumarmd #Pulmonary #Hypertension #PHTN #Groups #WHO #Classification #diagnosis