#hipfracture Common osteoporotic fracture in elderly patients. Displaced intracapsular fractures risk avascular necrosis due to disruption of femoral head blood supply. #intracapsularfracture Fracture within the hip capsule (subcapital femoral neck fracture). Higher risk of blood supply compromise. #gardenI Impacted valgus fracture, stable. #gardenII Complete fracture, undisplaced. #gardenIII Displaced fracture with some remaining bony contact. #gardenIV Complete displacement with loss of bony contact. #undisplacedintracapsular Internal fixation. Hemiarthroplasty if unfit for fixation. #displacedintracapsular Replacement arthroplasty. #totalhipreplacement Preferred if independently mobile, cognitively intact, and medically fit. #hemiarthroplasty Used when THR criteria are not met. #extracapsularfracture Includes intertrochanteric (trochanteric) and subtrochanteric fractures. #stableintertrochanteric Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). #reverseoblique Intramedullary nail. #transversefracture Intramedullary nail. #subtrochantericfracture Intramedullary nail. #keypoint Highest AVN risk in Garden III and Garden IV intracapsular fractures.

Diagram demonstrating the various named proximal femoral fractures. #Proximal #Femur #Fracture #Classifications This diagram illustrates the primary classifications of hip (proximal femur) fractures, divided into two main categories based on their relationship to the hip joint capsule. #Intracapsular Fractures These occur within the joint capsule. Because they can disrupt the blood supply to the femoral head (medial circumflex femoral artery), they carry a higher risk of avascular necrosis and non-union. #Capital: A fracture directly through the articular surface of the femoral head. #Subcapital: A fracture occurring just below the femoral head, at the junction of the head and the neck. #Transcervical: A fracture passing directly through the mid-portion of the femoral neck. #Extracapsular Fractures These occur outside the joint capsule. They generally have a more robust blood supply, making avascular necrosis less common, though they often require robust surgical fixation. #Intertrochanteric: A fracture line running between the greater and lesser trochanters. #Subtrochanteric: A fracture occurring in the proximal shaft of the femur, directly below the lesser trochanter. #MedEd #Orthopedics #HipFracture #FemurFracture #Anatomy #ClinicalSkills #Surgery #MedSchool #Trauma #MedicalDiagram

A detailed medical illustration of the plantar surface of a human foot, designed for a sensation examination with closed eyes. All labels are clear and professional, with blue dots marking the critical testing points: the apex of the 1st and 3rd toes, and the metatarsal heads of the 1st, 3rd, and 5th toes. The illustration shows a 10g monofilament device in action, and a revised instruction panel at the bottom provides precise, professional guidance for the examination. #FootExamination #SensationTesting #10gMonofilament #MedicalIllustration #PatientCare #diabetic #foot #exam #osce #diabeticfoot

This is an anteroposterior (AP) knee X-ray of severe #osteoarthritis (OA). It features a #LOSS #mnemonic to identify the four key radiographic findings: #Loss of joint space (joint narrowing), #Osteophyte formation (bone spurs), #Subchondral #sclerosis (increased bone density), and #Subchondral #cysts. The image points out the narrowed space, white sclerosis, extra bone formation, and cysts on both the femur and tibia.

#Scleritis #EyeHealth #Ophthalmology #MedicalIllustration #AnteriorScleritis #PosteriorScleritis This is a medical illustration detailing a condition called Scleritis, comparing a healthy eye to an eye affected by the condition. The image is divided into two main sections: Left Side: External View Healthy eye: Shows a normal human eye. Labels point to the Cornea (the clear front part of the eye) and the combined layers of the Conjunctiva, episclera and sclera (the white part of the eye). The white area appears clear and normal. Scleritis: Shows an eye with significant redness in the white area. Labels point to the inflamed Episcleral vessels and the deeper, engorged Scleral vessels, illustrating the severe redness associated with the condition. Right Side: Cross-Sectional View This section provides a 3D cutaway view of the eye ("Eye cross section"), showing the layers: Retina (innermost), Choroid (middle), and Sclera (outermost). Below the sclera, it also shows the Episclera and Conjunctiva layers. It highlights two types of Scleritis with red shading on the cross-section to indicate inflammation: Anterior scleritis: The red shading is at the front part of the sclera. The text explains this is the most common form, presenting with severe redness and deep "boring" pain. Posterior scleritis: The red shading is at the back part of the sclera. The text notes this is rarer, can be equally painful, but may occur with or without visible eye redness.

#CLAMP: this #Mnemonic may help you in structuring #followup #consultations - #Clarify condition and duration and reason for review - #Last #seen - since then how are they and do they have any concerns? A - #Associated #risks - think about existing complications or risks of these. (Consider PMH, relevant social history, family history) M - #Medication - prescribed and OTC #Management - how do they self-manage eg lifestyle changes #Monitoring -do they do any monitoring of their condition (eg PEFR, blood glucose, BP or in practice eg DMARD) #Plan - any changes to current management Prevent complications (anticipate and prevent future complications)

Most breast cancers arise from duct tissue followed by lobular tissue, described as ductal or #lobular carcinoma respectively. These can be further subdivided as to whether the cancer hasn't spread beyond the local tissue (described as #carcinoma-in-situ) or has spread (described as #invasive). Therefore, common #breast #cancer types include: Invasive ductal #carcinoma. This is the most common type of breast cancer. To complicate matters further this has recently been renamed 'No Special Type (#NST)'. In contrast, lobular carcinoma and other rarer types of breast cancer are classified as 'Special Type' Invasive lobular carcinoma #Ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) #Lobular carcinoma-in-situ (LCIS)

#Anatomy of the Female Breast The #breast is made up of lobes and #ducts. Each breast has 15 to 20 sections called lobes, which are arranged in a circularfashion. The fat (subcutaneous adipose tissue) that covers the lobes gives the breast its size and shape. Each lobe has many smaller sections called lobules. Lobules end in dozens of tiny bulbs that can make milk. The #lobes, lobules, and bulbs are linked by thin tubes called ducts. They are supported by and attached to the front of the chest wall on either side of the breastbone or sternum by ligaments. They rest on the major chest muscle, the #pectoralis major. The breast is responsive to a complex interplay of hormones that cause the tissue to develop, enlarge and produce #milk. The three major hormones affecting the breast are estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, which cause glandular tissue in the breast and the uterus to change during the menstrual cycle and peripartum period. The breast itself has no muscle tissue. A layer of fat surrounds the mammary glands. Mammary glands are located in the breast and produce milk for a baby after childbirth. Each gland contains lobules (or lobes) that produce the milk. Ductal carcinoma refers to cancer that starts in the mild ducts (mammary glands), while lobular carcinoma originates in the lobes (#lobules).

This anatomical illustration provides a comparative view of a human #pelvis and #hip #joints, specifically highlighting #Greater #Trochanteric #Bursitis. Key Anatomical Features The image is labeled to identify the structures involved in hip movement and stability: Bony Structures: Shows the pelvis, the lower portion of the #vertebral column, and the upper parts of the #femurs (thigh bones). Musculature: The Tensor fasciae latae muscle is shown on the upper lateral side of the hip. Connective Tissue: The Iliotibial (IT) band is depicted running down the side of the leg. Greater #Trochanteric #Bursa: A small, fluid-filled sac located between the greater trochanter (the bony prominence of the femur) and the overlying muscles/tendons.

This is a medical illustration showing the anatomy and symptoms of #Conjunctivitis. The image is divided into three main sections: #Eye Anatomy (Left): A cross-section diagram of the eye and eyelid shows the location of key structures. Labels point to the #Conjunctiva, #Cornea, #Sclera, and #Eyelid. Normal vs. Conjunctivitis (Top Right): This section compares a "Normal" eye on the left half to an eye with "Typical features of conjunctivitis" on the right half. The affected eye is red and swollen. Several arrows point to specific symptoms: "#Redness and #swelling (#bacterial and #viral)" points to the inflamed white part of the eye and the eyelid. "#Crusting (bacterial)" points to yellowish crusts along the eyelashes. "Opaque #discharge (bacterial)" and "Clear #tearing (viral)" point to the discharge collected at the inner corner of the eye. Inner Eyelid Examination (Bottom Right): This close-up shows a finger pulling down the lower eyelid to reveal its inner surface. An arrow points to small bumps, labeled as "#Follicles (bumps) on inner part of eyelid (viral)", indicating a symptom specific to viral conjunctivitis.