Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 β€’ Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... #hematology #anemia
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 β€’ Acute infection
 β€’ Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... malignancies β€’ Anemia ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #Causes #hematology
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 β€’ Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 β€’ Hemoglobinopathies
Differential Diagnosis ... for Hemolytic Anemia ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #causes #classification ... #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 β€’ Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... for Anemia (Morphological ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #hematology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... Myelodysplastic #Syndrome ... Management #treatment #hematology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... are caused by prerenal ... you confirmed diagnosis ... #nephrology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 β€’ Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-BarrΓ© syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 β€’ Dehydration
 β€’ Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 β€’ Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... #diagnosis #nephrology