Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief πŸ‡΅πŸ‡­ πŸ‡ΊπŸ‡Έ - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... β€’ Drugs β€’ Pulmonary ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm β‰₯ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 β€’ UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... EABV) - Consider: Hypovolemia ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 β€’ Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 β€’ Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 β€’ Urine Chloride
 β€’ Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Algorithm for Differentiating ... Gitelman syndrome ... #Bartter #Algorithm ... #nephrology #hypokalemia ... #diagnosis
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... β€’ nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Stress, Nausea, Pulmonary ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Defining ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 β€’ Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 β€’ Focal: Simple, Complex
 β€’ Generalized: Absence,
Algorithm Unprovoked ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... #neurology