Dr. Gerald Diaz @GeraldMD
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Board Certified Internal Medicine Hospitalist, GrepMed Editor in Chief 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 - Sign up for an account to like, bookmark and upload images to contribute to our community platform. Follow us on IG: https://www.instagram.com/grepmed/ | Twitter: https://twitter.com/grepmeded/
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Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation Algorithm
In addition to edema and urine concentration, always consider urine
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis and Evaluation ... always consider urine ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium ... #Differential # ... Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Pulmonary Diseases ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 2) Urine ... #Differential # ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... #Differential # ... #causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Diagnosis Baseline ... osmolarity If cause ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Measure urine osmolality ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... #Differential #
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Causes #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis by Mechanism ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... hemorrhage) - Pulmonary ... #Causes #Sodium